Near-infrared (NIR) spectra refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that falls between visible light and mid-infrared radiation. This range typically spans wavelengths from 780 nm to 2500 nm. NIR spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that is commonly used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of various materials, including organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, food products, and environmental samples. NIR spectroscopy is based on the absorption of light by molecular vibrations, allowing for the identification and characterization of different chemical bonds and functional groups in a sample. The non-destructive nature of NIR spectroscopy makes it a valuable tool for process monitoring and quality control in a wide range of industries.